He twists, one of the sons of Ezer, the son of Seir the
Horite 1Ch 1:42
Heel-catcher, a form of the name Jacob, one of the
descendants of Simeon 1Ch 4:36
A wild she-goat, one of the Nethinim, whose descendants
returned from the Captivity Ne 7:58
Concealer, the second of Esau's three sons by Aholibamah
Ge 36:5,14
Mourner, one of the chief Gadites 1Ch 5:12
Forests of the weavers, a Bethlehemite 2Sa 21:19 and the
father of Elhanan, who slew Goliath. In 1Ch 20:5 called JAIR.
Fabricator, an Israelite who renounced his Gentile wife
after the Return Ezr 10:37
Made by God, one of David's body-guard, the son of Abner
1Ch 27:21 called Jasiel in 1Ch 11:47
Heard by Jehovah.
1. The son of Jeremiah, and one of the chief Rechabites
Jer 35:3
2. The son of Shaphan Eze 8:11
3. The son of Azur, one of the twenty-five men seen by
Ezekiel Eze 11:1 at the east gate of the temple.
4. A Maachathite 2Ki 25:23 Jer 40:8 42:1 He is also
called Azariah Jer 43:2
He (God) helps, a city of the Amorites on the east of
Jordan, and assigned, with neighbouring places in Gilead, to Gad Nu 32:1,35 Jos
13:25 It was allotted to the Merarite Levites Jos 21:39 In David's time it was
occupied by the Hebronites, i.e., the descendants of Kohath 1Ch 26:31 It is
mentioned in the "burdens" proclaimed over Moab Isa 16:8,9 Jer 48:32
Its site is marked by the modern ruin called Sar or Seir, about 10 miles west
of Amman, and 12 from Heshbon. "The vineyards that once covered the hill-sides
are gone; and the wild Bedawin from the eastern desert make cultivation of any
kind impossible."
Comforted by Jehovah, a descendant of Merari the Levite
1Ch 24:26,27
Comforted by God, a Levitical musician 1Ch 15:18
A stream, a descendant of Cain, and brother of Jubal;
"the father of such as dwell in tents and have cattle" Ge 4:20 This
description indicates that he led a wandering life.
A pouring out, or a wrestling, one of the streams on the east
of Jordan, into which it falls about midway between the Sea of Galilee and the
Dead Sea, or about 45 miles below the Sea of Galilee. It rises on the eastern
side of the mountains of Gilead, and runs a course of about 65 miles in a wild
and deep ravine. It was the boundary between the territory of the Ammonites and
that of Og, king of Bashan Jos 12:1-5 Nu 21:24 also between the tribe of Reuben
and the half tribe of Manasseh Nu 21:24 De 3:16 In its course westward across
the plains it passes more than once underground. "The scenery along its
banks is probably the most picturesque in Palestine; and the ruins of town and
village and fortress which stud the surrounding mountain-side render the
country as interesting as it is beautiful." This river is now called the
Zerka, or blue river.
Dry.
1. For Jabesh-Gilead 1Sa 11:3,9,10
2. The father of Shallum 2Ki 15:10,13,14 who usurped the
throne of Israel on the death of Zachariah.
A town on the east of Jordan, on the top of one of the
green hills of Gilead, within the limits of the half tribe of Manasseh, and in
full view of Beth-shan. It is first mentioned in connection with the vengeance
taken on its inhabitants because they had refused to come up to Mizpeh to take
part with Israel against the tribe of Benjamin Jud 21:8-14 After the battles at
Gibeah, that tribe was almost extinguished, only six hundred men remaining. An
expedition went against Jabesh-Gilead, the whole of whose inhabitants were put
to the sword, except four hundred maidens, whom they brought as prisoners and
sent to "proclaim peace" to the Benjamites who had fled to the crag
Rimmon. These captives were given to them as wives, that the tribe might be
saved from extinction Jud 21:1ff. This city was afterwards taken by Nahash,
king of the Ammonites, but was delivered by Saul, the newly-elected king of
Israel. In gratitude for this deliverance, forty years after this, the men of
Jabesh-Gilead took down the bodies of Saul and of his three sons from the walls
of Beth-shan, and after burning them, buried the bones under a tree near the
city 1Sa 31:11-13 David thanked them for this act of piety 2Sa 2:4-6 and
afterwards transferred the remains to the royal sepulchre 2Sa 21:14 It is
identified with the ruins of ed-Deir, about 6 miles south of Pella, on the
north of the Wady Yabis.
Affiction.
1. A descendant of Judah, of whom it is recorded that
"God granted him that which he requested" 1Ch 4:9,10
2. A place inhabited by several families of the scribes
1Ch 2:55
Discerner; the wise.
1. A king of Hazor, at the time of the entrance of Israel
into Canaan Jos 11:1-14 whose overthrow and that of the northern chief with
whom he had entered into a confederacy against Joshua was the crowning act in
the conquest of the land Jos 11:21-23 comp. Jos 14:6-15 This great battle,
fought at Lake Merom, was the last of Joshua's battles of which we have any
record. Here for the first time the Israelites encountered the iron chariots
and horses of the Canaanites.
2. Another king of Hazor, called "the king of
Canaan, "who overpowered the Israelites of the north one hundred and sixty
years after Joshua's death, and for twenty years held them in painful
subjection. The whole population were paralyzed with fear, and gave way to
hopeless despondency Jud 5:6-11 till Deborah and Barak aroused the national
spirit, and gathering together ten thousand men, gained a great and decisive
victory over Jabin in the plain of Esdraelon Jud 4:10-16 comp. Ps 83:9 This was
the first great victory Israel had gained since the days of Joshua. They never
needed to fight another battle with the Canaanites Jud 5:31
Built by God.
1. A town in the north boundary of Judah Jos 15:11 called
afterwards by the Greeks Jamnia, the modern Yebna, 11 miles south of Jaffa.
After the fall of Jerusalem (A.D. 70) it became one of the most populous cities
of Judea, and the seat of a celebrated school.
2. A town on the border of Naphtali Jos 19:33 Its later
name was Kefr Yemmah, "the village by the sea, "on the south shore of
Lake Merom.
Building, 2Ch 26:6 identical with Jabneel Jos 15:11
Mourner, one of the chief Gadite "brothers" in
Bashan 1Ch 5:13
Firm.
1. The fourth son of Simeon Ge 46:10 called also Jarib 1Ch
4:24
2. The head of one of the courses (the twenty-first) of
priests 1Ch 24:17
3. One of the priests who returned from the Exile 1Ch
9:10
The names of two brazen columns set up in Solomon's
temple 1Ki 7:15-22 Each was eighteen cubits high and twelve in circumference
Jer 52:21,23 1Ki 7:17-21 They had doubtless a symbolical import.
Properly a flower of a reddish blue or deep purple
(hyacinth), and hence a precious stone of that colour Re 21:20 It has been
supposed to designate the same stone as the ligure (Heb. leshem) mentioned in
Ex 28:19 as the first stone of the third row in the high priest's breast-plate.
In Re 9:17 the word is simply descriptive of colour.
One who follows on another's heels; supplanter, Ge 25:26
27:36 Ho 12:2-4 the second born of the twin sons of Isaac by Rebekah. He was
born probably at Lahai-roi, when his father was fifty-nine and Abraham one
hundred and fifty-nine years old. Like his father, he was of a quiet and gentle
disposition, and when he grew up followed the life of a shepherd, while his brother
Esau became an enterprising hunter. His dealing with Esau, however, showed much
mean selfishness and cunning Ge 25:29-34 When Isaac was about 160 years of age,
Jacob and his mother conspired to deceive the aged patriarch Ge 27:1ff. with
the view of procuring the transfer of the birthright to himself. The birthright
secured to him who possessed it
1. superior rank in his family Ge 49:3
2. a double portion of the paternal inheritance De 21:17
3. the priestly office in the family Nu 8:17-19
4. the promise of the Seed in which all nations of the
earth were to be blessed Ge 22:18
Soon after his acquisition of his father's blessing Ge
27:1ff. Jacob became conscious of his guilt; and afraid of the anger of Esau,
at the suggestion of Rebekah Isaac sent him away to Haran, 400 miles or more,
to find a wife among his cousins, the family of Laban, the Syrian Ge 28:1-22
.There he met with Rachel Ge 29:1-35. Laban would not consent to give him his
daughter in marriage till he had served seven years; but to Jacob these years
"seemed but a few days, for the love he had to her." But when the
seven years were expired, Laban craftily deceived Jacob, and gave him his
daughter Leah. Other seven years of service had to be completed to be able to
obtain the beloved Rachel. But "life-long sorrow, disgrace, and trials, in
the retributive providence of God, followed as a consequence of this double
union." At the close of the fourteen years of service, Jacob desired to
return to his parents, but at the entreaty of Laban he tarried yet six years
with him, tending his flocks Ge 31:41 He then set out with his family and
property "to go to Isaac his father in the land of Canaan" Ge 31:1ff.
Laban was angry when he heard that Jacob had set out on his journey, and pursued
after him, overtaking him in seven days. The meeting was of a painful kind.
After much recrimination and reproach directed against Jacob, Laban is at
length pacified, and taking an affectionate farewell of his daughters, returns
to his home in Padanaram. And now all connection of the Israelites with
Mesopotamia is at an end. Soon after parting with Laban he is met by a company
of angels, as if to greet him on his return and welcome him back to the Land of
Promise Ge 32:1,2 He called the name of the place Mahanaim, i.e., "the
double camp, "probably his own camp and that of the angels. The vision of
angels was the counterpart of that he had formerly seen at Bethel, when, twenty
years before, the weary, solitary traveller, on his way to Padan-aram, saw the
angels of God ascending and descending on the ladder whose top reached to
heaven Ge 28:12 He now hears with dismay of the approach of his brother Esau
with a band of 400 men to meet him. In great agony of mind he prepares for the
worst. He feels that he must now depend only on God, and he betakes himself to
him in earnest prayer, and sends on before him a munificent present to Esau,
"a present to my lord Esau from thy servant Jacob." Jacob's family
were then transported across the Jabbok; but he himself remained behind,
spending the night in communion with God. While thus engaged, there appeared
one in the form of a man who wrestled with him. In this mysterious contest
Jacob prevailed, and as a memorial of it his name was changed to Israel
(wrestler with God); and the place where this occured he called Peniel,
"for", said he, "I have seen God face to face, and my life is
preserved" Ge 32:25-31 After this anxious night, Jacob went on his way,
halting, mysteriously weakened by the conflict, but strong in the assurance of
the divine favour. Esau came forth and
met him; but his spirit of revenge was appeased, and the brothers met as
friends, and during the remainder of their lives they maintained friendly
relations. After a brief sojourn at Succoth, Jacob moved forward and pitched
his tent near Shechem (q.v.), Ge 33:18 but at length, under divine directions,
he moved to Bethel, where he made an altar unto God Ge 35:6,7 and where God
appeared to him and renewed the Abrahamic covenant. While journeying from
Bethel to Ephrath (the Canaanitish name of Bethlehem), Rachel died in giving
birth to her second son Benjamin Ge 35:16-20 fifteen or sixteen years after the
birth of Joseph. He then reached the old family residence at Mamre, to wait on
the dying bed of his father Isaac. The complete reconciliation between Esau and
Jacob was shown by their uniting in the burial of the patriarch Ge 35:27-29
Jacob was soon after this deeply grieved by the loss of his beloved son Joseph
through the jealousy of his brothers Ge 37:33 Then follows the story of the
famine, and the successive goings down into Egypt to buy corn Ge 42:1-44:34
which led to the discovery of the long-lost Joseph, and the patriarch's going
down with all his household, numbering about seventy souls Ex 1:5 De 10:22 Ac
7:14 to sojourn in the land of Goshen. Here Jacob, "after being strangely
tossed about on a very rough ocean, found at last a tranquil harbour, where all
the best affections of his nature were gently exercised and largely
unfolded" Ge 48:1ff. At length the end of his checkered course draws nigh,
and he summons his sons to his bedside that he may bless them. Among his last
words he repeats the story of Rachel's death, although forty years had passed
away since that event took place, as tenderly as if it had happened only
yesterday; and when "he had made an end of charging his sons, he gathered
up his feet into the bed, and yielded up the ghost" Ge 49:33 His body was
embalmed and carried with great pomp into the land of Canaan, and buried beside
his wife Leah in the cave of Machpelah, according to his dying charge. There, probably, his embalmed body remains
to this day. Ge 50:1-13
See HEBRON The history of Jacob is referred to by the
prophets Hosea Ho 12:3,4,12 and Malachi Mal 1:2 In Mic 1:5 the name is a poetic
synonym for Israel, the kingdom of the ten tribes. There are, besides the
mention of his name along with those of the other patriarchs, distinct
references to events of his life in Paul's epistles Ro 9:11-13 Heb 12:16 11:21
See references to his vision at Bethel and his possession of land at Shechem in
Joh 1:51 4:5,12 also to the famine which was the occasion of his going down
into Egypt in Ac 7:12
See BETHEL See ISRAEL See LUZ
Joh 4:5,6 This is one of the few sites in Palestine about
which there is no dispute. It was dug by Jacob, and hence its name, in the
"parcel of ground" which he purchased from the sons of Hamor Ge 33:19
It still exists, but although after copious rains it contains a little water,
it is now usually quite dry. It is at the entrance to the valley between Ebal
and Gerizim, about 2 miles south-east of Shechem. It is about 9 feet in
diameter and about 75 feet in depth, though in ancient times it was no doubt much
deeper, probably twice as deep. The digging of such a well must have been a
very laborious and costly undertaking. "Unfortunately, the well of Jacob
has not escaped that misplaced religious veneration which cannot be satisfied
with leaving the object of it as it is, but must build over it a shrine to
protect and make it sacred. A series of buildings of various styles, and of
different ages, have cumbered the ground, choked up the well, and disfigured
the natural beauty and simplicity of the spot. At present the rubbish in the
well has been cleared out; but there is still a domed structure over it, and
you gaze down the shaft cut in the living rock and see at a depth of 70 feet
the surface of the water glimmering with a pale blue light in the darkness, while
you notice how the limestone blocks that form its curb have been worn smooth,
or else furrowed by the ropes of centuries" (Hugh Macmillan). At the
entrance of the enclosure round the well is planted in the ground one of the
wooden poles that hold the telegraph wires between Jerusalem and Haifa.
Known.
1. One of the chiefs who subscribed the covenant Ne 10:21
2. The last high priest mentioned in the Old Testament Ne
12:11,22 sons of Jonathan.
Judge, a Meronothite who assisted in rebuilding the walls
of Jerusalem Ne 3:7
Mountain-goat, the wife of Heber the Kenite Jud 4:17-22
When the Canaanites were defeated by Barak, Sisera, the captain of Jabin's
army, fled and sought refuge with the friendly tribe of Heber, beneath the oaks
of Zaanaim. As he drew near, Jael invited him to enter her tent. He did so, and
as he lay wearied on the floor he fell into a deep sleep. She then took in her
left hand one of the great wooden pins ("nail") which fastened down
the cords of the tent, and in her right hand the mallet, or "hammer, "used
for driving it into the ground, and stealthily approaching her sleeping guest,
with one well-directed blow drove the nail through his temples into the earth
Jud 5:27 She then led Barak, who was in pursuit, into her tent, and boastfully
showed him what she had done.
See SISERA See DEBORAH
Place of sojourn, a city on the southern border of Judah
Jos 15:21
A contraction for Jehovah Ps 68:4
Union.
1. A son of Shimei, and grandson of Gershom 1Ch 23:10
2. One of the sons of Shelomoth, of the family of Kohath
1Ch 24:22
3. A Levite of the family of Merari, one of the overseers
of the repairs of the temple under Josiah 2Ch 34:12
Trodden down (called also Jahaza,)Jos 13:18 Jahazah, Jos
21:36 Jahzah, 1Ch 6:78 a town where Sihon was defeated, in the borders of Moab
and in the land of the Ammonites beyond Jordan, and north of the river Arnon Nu
21:23 De 2:32 It was situated in the tribe of Reuben, and was assigned to the
Merarite Levites Jos 13:18 21:36 Here was fought the decisive battle in which
Sihon (q.v.) was completely routed, and his territory (the modern Belka) came
into the possession of Israel. This town is mentioned in the denunciations of
the prophets against Moab Isa 15:4 Jer 48:34
Beheld by God.
1. The third son of Hebron 1Ch 23:19
2. A Benjamite chief who joined David at Ziklag 1Ch 12:4
3. A priest who accompanied the removal of the ark to
Jerusalem 1Ch 16:6
4. The son of Zechariah, a Levite of the family of Asaph
2Ch 20:14-17 He encouraged Jehoshaphat against the Moabites and Ammonites.
Grasper, a descendant of Caleb, of the family of Hezron
1Ch 2:47
Allotted by God, the first of the sons of Naphtali Ge
46:24
Returner, the son of Meshullam, and father of Adiel 1Ch
9:12
(of Philippi), Ac 16:23 The conversion of the Roman
jailer, a man belonging to a class "insensible as a rule and hardened by
habit, and also disposed to despise the Jews, who were the bearers of the
message of the gospel, "is one of those cases which illustrate its
universality and power.
Enlightener.
1. The son of Segub. He was brought up with his mother in
Gilead, where he had possessions 1Ch 2:22 He distinguished himself in an
expedition against Bashan, and settled in the part of Argob on the borders of
Gilead. The small towns taken by him there are called Havoth-jair, i.e.,
"Jair's villages" Nu 32:41 De 3:14 Jos 13:30
2. The eighth judge of Israel, which he ruled for
twenty-two years. His opulence is described in Jud 10:3-5 He had thirty sons,
each riding on "ass colts." They had possession of thirty of the
sixty cities 1Ki 4:13 1Ch 2:23 which formed the ancient Havoth-jair.
3. A Benjamite, the father of Mordecai, Esther's uncle Es
2:5
4. The father of Elhanan, who slew Lahmi, the brother of
Goliath 1Ch 20:5
A ruler of the synagogue at Capernaum, whose only
daughter Jesus restored to life Mr 5:22 Lu 8:41 Entering into the chamber of
death, accompanied by Peter and James and John and the father and mother of the
maiden, he went forward to the bed whereon the corpse lay, and said, Talitha
cumi, i.e., "Maid, arise, "and immediately the spirit of the maiden
came to her again, and she arose straightway; and "at once to strengthen
that life which had come back to her, and to prove that she was indeed no
ghost, but had returned to the realities of a mortal existence, he commanded to
give her something to eat" Mr 5:43
Pious, the father of Agur Pr 30:1 Nothing is known of
him.
Establisher.
1. Chief of the twelfth priestly order 1Ch 24:12
2. A Benjamite 1Ch 8:19
3. Margin in Mt 1:11 means Jehoiakim.
Lodger, the last of the four sons of Ezra, of the tribe
of Judah 1Ch 4:17
One of those who opposed Moses in Egypt 2Ti 3:8
See JANNES
1. The son of Zebedee and Salome; an elder brother of
John the apostle. He was one of the twelve. He was by trade a fisherman, in
partnership with Peter Mt 20:20 27:56 With John and Peter he was present at the
transfiguration Mt 17:1 Mr 9:2 at the raising of Jairus's daughter Mr 5:37-43
and in the garden with our Lord Mr 14:33 Because, probably, of their boldness
and energy, he and John were called Boanerges, i.e., "sons of
thunder." He was the first martyr among the apostles, having been beheaded
by King Herod Agrippa Ac 12:1,2 A.D. 44. (Comp.) Mt 4:21 20:20-23
2. The son of Alphaeus, or Cleopas, "the
brother" or near kinsman or cousin of our Lord Ga 1:18,19 called James
"the Less, "or "the Little, "probably because he was of low
stature. He is mentioned along with the other apostles Mt 10:3 Mr 3:18 Lu 6:15
He had a separate interview with our Lord after his resurrection 1Co 15:7 and
is mentioned as one of the apostles of the circumcision Ac 1:13 He appears to
have occupied the position of head of the Church at Jerusalem, where he
presided at the council held to consider the case of the Gentiles Ac 12:17 Ac
15:13-29 21:18-24 This James was the author of the epistle which bears his
name.
1. Author of, was James the Less, the Lord's brother, one
of the twelve apostles. He was one of the three pillars of the Church Ga 2:9
2. It was addressed to the Jews of the dispersion,
"the twelve tribes scattered abroad."
3. The place and time of the writing of the epistle were
Jerusalem, where James was residing, and, from internal evidence, the period
between Paul's two imprisonments at Rome, probably about A.D. 62
4. The object of the writer was to enforce the practical
duties of the Christian life. "The Jewish vices against which he warns
them are:
a. Formalism, which made the service of God consist in
washings and outward ceremonies, whereas he reminds them Jas 1:27 that it
consists rather in active love and purity;
b. Fanaticism, which, under the cloak of religious zeal,
was tearing Jerusalem in pieces Jas 1:20
c. Fatalism, which threw its sins on God Jas 1:13
d. Meanness, which crouched before the rich Jas 2:2
e. Falsehood, which had made words and oaths play-things
Jas 3:2-12
f. Partisanship Jas 3:14
g. evil speaking Jas 4:11
h. boasting Jas 4:16
i. oppression Jas 5:4
The great lesson which he teaches them as Christians is
patience,
a. Patience in trial Jas 1:2
b. Patience in good works Jas 1:22-25
c. Patience under provocation Jas 3:17
d. Patience under oppression Jas 5:7
e. Patience under persecution Jas 5:10
f. And the ground of their patience is that the coming of
the Lord draweth nigh, which is to right all wrong Jas 5:8
"Justification by works, "which James contends
for, is justification before man, the justification of our profession of faith
by a consistent life. Paul contends for
the doctrine of "justification by faith; "but that is justification
before God, a being regarded and accepted as just by virtue of the righteousness
of Christ, which is received by faith.
One of the Egyptians who "withstood Moses" 2Ti
3:8
See JAMBRES
Or Jano'hah, rest.
1. A town on the north-eastern border of Ephraim, in the
Jordan valley Jos 16:6,7 Identified with the modern Yanun, 8 miles south-east
of Nablus.
2. A town of Northern Palestine, within the boundaries of
Naphtali. It was taken by the king of Assyria 2Ki 15:29
Slumber, a town in the mountains of Judah Jos 15:53
Wide spreading: "God shall enlarge Japheth" (Heb.
Yaphat Elohim le-Yephet, Ge 9:27 Some, however, derive the name from _yaphah_,
"to be beautiful; "hence white), one of the sons of Noah, mentioned
last in order Ge 5:32 6:10 7:13 perhaps first by birth Ge 10:21 comp. Ge 9:24
He and his wife were two of the eight saved in the ark 1Pe 3:20 He was the
progenitor of many tribes inhabiting the east of Europe and the north of Asia
Ge 10:2-5 An act of filial piety Ge 9:20-27 was the occasion of Noah's prophecy
of the extension of his posterity. After the Flood the earth was re-peopled by
the descendants of Noah, "the sons of Japheth" Ge 10:2 "the sons
of Ham" Ge 10:6 and "the sons of Shem" Ge 10:22. It is important
to notice that modern ethnological science, reasoning from a careful analysis
of facts, has arrived at the conclusion that there is a three-fold division of
the human family, corresponding in a remarkable way with the great ethnological
chapter of the book of Genesis 10. The three great races thus distinguished are
called the Semitic, Aryan, and Turanian (Allophylian). "Setting aside the
cases where the ethnic names employed are of doubtful application, it cannot
reasonably be questioned that the author [of] Ge 10:1ff. has in his account of
the sons of Japheth classed together the Cymry or Celts (Gomer), the Medes
(Madai), and the Ionians or Greeks (Javan), thereby anticipating what has
become known in modern times as the 'Indo-European Theory, 'or the essential
unity of the Aryan (Asiatic) race with the principal races of Europe, indicated
by the Celts and the Ionians. Nor can it be doubted that he has thrown together
under the one head of 'children of Shem' the Assyrians (Asshur), the Syrians
(Aram), the Hebrews (Eber), and the Joktanian Arabs (Joktan), four of the
principal races which modern ethnology recognizes under the heading of
'Semitic.' Again, under the heading of 'sons of Ham, 'the author has arranged
'Cush', i.e., the Ethiopians; 'Mizraim, 'the people of Egypt; 'Sheba and Dedan,
'or certain of the Southern Arabs; and 'Nimrod, 'or the ancient people of
Babylon, four races between which the latest linguistic researches have
established a close affinity" (Rawlinson's Hist. Illustrations).
Splendid.
1. The king of Lachish, who joined in the confederacy
against Joshua Jos 10:3 and was defeated and slain. In one of the Amarna
tablets he speaks of himself as king of Gezer. Called also Horam Jos 10:33
2. One of the sons of David 2Sa 5:15 born in Jerusalem.
3. A town in the southern boundary of Zebulum Jos 19:12
now Yafa, 2 miles south-west of Nazareth.
Beauty, a sea-port in Dan Jos 19:46 called Joppa (q.v.)
in 2Ch 2:16 Ezr 3:7 Jon 1:3 and in New Testament.
Descent.
1. The fourth antediluvian patriarch in descent from Seth
Ge 5:15-20 Lu 3:37 the father of Enoch; called Jered in 1Ch 1:2
2. A son of Ezra probably 1Ch 4:18
An adversary.
1. A son of Simeon 1Ch 4:24
2. One of the chiefs sent by Ezra to bring up the priests
to Jerusalem Ezr 8:16
3. Ezr 10:18
Height.
1. A town in the plain of Judah Jos 15:35 originally the
residence of one of the Canaanitish kings Jos 10:3,5,23 It has been identified
with the modern Yarmuk, a village about 7 miles north-east of Beit-Jibrin.
2. A Levitical city of the tribe of Issachar Jos 21:29
supposed by some to be the Ramah of Samuel 1Sa 19:22
Sleeping, called also Hashem 1Ch 11:34 a person, several
of whose sons were in David's body-guard 2Sa 23:32
Upright. "The Book of Jasher, "rendered in the
LXX. "the Book of the Upright One, "by the Vulgate "the Book of
Just Ones, "was probably a kind of national sacred song-book, a collection
of songs in praise of the heroes of Israel, a "book of golden deeds,
"a national anthology. We have only two specimens from the book,
1. the words of Joshua which he spake to the Lord at the
crisis of the battle of Beth-horon Jos 10:12,13
2. "the Song of the Bow, "that beautiful and
touching mournful elegy which David composed on the occasion of the death of
Saul and Jonathan 2Sa 1:18-27
Dweller among the people; or to whom the people turn, the
Hachmonite 1Ch 11:11 one of David's chief heroes who joined him at Ziklag 1Ch
12:6 He was the first of the three who broke through the host of the
Philistines to fetch water to David from the well of Bethlehem 2Sa 23:13-17 He
is also called Adino the Eznite 2Sa 23:8
Returner.
1. The third of Issachar's four sons 1Ch 7:1 called also
Job Ge 46:13
2. Ezr 10:29
He that will cure, the host of Paul and Silas in
Thessalonica. The Jews assaulted his house in order to seize Paul, but failing
to find him, they dragged Jason before the ruler of the city Ac 17:5-9 He was
apparently one of the kinsmen of Paul Ro 16:21 and accompanied him from
Thessalonica to Corinth.
(Heb. yashpheh, "glittering")
1. A gem of various colours, one of the twelve inserted
in the high priest's breast-plate Ex 28:20
2. It is named in the building of the New Jerusalem Re
21:18,19
3. It was "most precious, ""clear as
crystal" Re 21:11
4. It was emblematic of the glory of God Re 4:3
Pre-eminent, a city in the mountains of Judah Jos 15:48
21:14
1. The fourth "son" of Japheth Ge 10:2 whose
descendants settled in Greece, i.e., Ionia, which bears the name of Javan in
Hebrew. Alexander the Great is called
the "king of Javan" (rendered "Grecia, "Da 8:21 10:20 comp.
Da 11:2 Zec 9:13 This word was universally used by the nations of the East as
the generic name of the Greek race.
2. A town or district of Arabia Felix, from which the
Syrians obtained iron, cassia, and calamus Eze 27:19
1. Heb. hanith, a lance, from its flexibility 1Sa
18:10,11 19:9,10 20:33
2. Heb. romah, a lance for heavy-armed troops, so called
from its piercing Nu 25:7
See ARMOUR
Of an ass afforded Samson a weapon for the great
slaughter of the Philistines Jud 15:15 in which he slew a thousand men. In
verse Jud 15:19 the Authorized Version reads, "God clave a hollow place
that was in the jaw, and there came water thereout." This is a mis-translation
of the words. The rendering should be as in the Revised Version, "God
clave the hollow place that is in Lehi, "etc., Lehi (q.v.) being the name
of the hill where this conflict was waged, possibly so called because it was in
shape like a jaw-bone.
Suspicion of a wife's purity, one of the strongest
passions Nu 5:14 Pr 6:34 So 8:6 also an intense interest for another's honour
or prosperity Ps 79:5 1Co 10:22 Zec 1:14
An idolatrous object Seen in vision by Ezekiel Eze 8:3,5
which stood in the priests' or inner court of the temple. Probably identical
with the statue of Astarte 2Ki 21:7
The name of the offering the husband was to bring when he
charged his wife with adultery Nu 5:11-15
Water which the suspected wife was required to drink, so
that the result might prove her guilt or innocence Nu 5:12-17,27 We have no
record of this form of trial having been actually resorted to.
Forests, a mountain on the border of Judah Jos 15:10
Trodden hard, or fastness, or "the waterless
hill", the name of the Canaanitish city which stood on Mount Zion Jos 15:8
18:16,28 It is identified with Jerusalem (q.v.) in Jud 19:10 and with the
castle or city of David 1Ch 11:4,5 It was a place of great natural strength,
and its capture was one of David's most brilliant achievements 2Sa 5:8
The name of the original inhabitants of Jebus, mentioned
frequently among the seven nations doomed to destruction Ge 10:16 15:21 Ex
3:8,17 13:5 etc.). At the time of the arrival of the Israelites in Palestine
they were ruled by Adonizedek Jos 10:1,23 They were defeated by Joshua, and
their king was slain; but they were not entirely driven out of Jebus till the
time of David, who made it the capital of his kingdom instead of Hebron. The
site on which the temple was afterwards built belonged to Araunah, a Jebusite,
from whom it was purchased by David, who refused to accept it as a free gift
2Sa 24:16-25 1Ch 21:24,25
Able through Jehovah, the wife of King Amaziah, and
mother of King Uzziah 2Ch 26:3
1. Invoker of Jehovah. The son of Shimri, a chief
Simeonite 1Ch 4:37
2. One of those who repaired the walls of Jerusalem after
the return from Babylon Ne 3:10
3. Knowing Jehovah. The chief of one of the courses of
the priests 1Ch 24:7
4. A priest in Jerusalem after the Exile 1Ch 9:10
Known by God.
1. One of the sons of Benjamin, whose descendants
numbered 17,200 warriors 1Ch 7:6,10,11
2. A Shimrite, one of David's bodyguard 1Ch 11:45
Probably same as in 1Ch 12:20
3. A Korhite of the family of Ebiasaph, and one of the
gate-keepers to the temple 1Ch 26:2
Beloved by Jehovah, the name which, by the mouth of
Nathan, the Lord gave to Solomon at his birth as a token of the divine favour
2Sa 12:25
Lauder; praising, a Levite of the family of Merari, and
one of the three masters of music appointed by David 1Ch 16:41,42 25:1-6 He is
called in 2Ch 35:15 "the king's seer." His descendants are mentioned
as singers and players on instruments Ne 11:17 He was probably the same as
Ethan 1Ch 15:17,19 In the superscriptions to Ps 39:1 Ps 62:1 77:1 the words
"upon Jeduthun" probably denote a musical instrument; or they may
denote the style or tune invented or introduced by Jeduthun, or that the psalm
was to be sung by his choir.
Pile of testimony, the Aramaic or Syriac name which Laban
gave to the pile of stones erected as a memorial of the covenant between him
and Jacob Ge 31:47 who, however, called it in Hebrew by an equivalent name,
Galeed (q.v.).
Praiser of God.
1. A descendant of Judah 1Ch 4:16
2. A Levite of the family of Merari 2Ch 29:12
Rejoicer in Jehovah.
1. One of the Levitical attendants at the temple, a
descendant of Shubael 1Ch 24:20
2. A Meronothite, herdsman of the asses under David and
Solomon 1Ch 27:30
God's living one.
1. The father of Gibeon 1Ch 9:35
2. One of David's guard 1Ch 11:44
3. One of the Levites "of the second degree,
"appointed to conduct the music on the occasion of the ark's being removed
to Jerusalem 1Ch 15:18,20
4. A Hachmonite, a tutor in the family of David toward
the close of his reign 1Ch 27:32
5. The second of Jehoshaphat's six sons 2Ch 21:2
6. One of the Levites of the family of Heman who assisted
Hezekiah in his work of reformation 2Ch 29:14
7. A "prince" and "ruler of the house of
God" who contributed liberally to the renewal of the temple sacrifices
under Josiah 2Ch 35:8
8. The father of Obadiah Ezr 8:9
9. One of the "sons" of Elam Ezr 10:26
10. One of the sons of Harim Ezr 10:21
Jehovah strengthens, one of the chiefs of Ephraim 2Ch
28:12
Jehovah his ornament, the wife of King Jehoash, and
mother of King Amaziah 2Ki 14:2
Jehovah his sustainer, or he whom Jehovah holdeth.
1. The youngest son of Jehoram, king of Judah 2Ch 21:17
22:1,6,8,9 usually Ahaziah (q.v.).
2. The son and successor of Jehu, king of Israel 2Ki
10:35 He reigned seventeen years, and followed the evil ways of the house of
Jeroboam. The Syrians, under Hazael and Benhadad, prevailed over him, but were
at length driven out of the land by his son Jehoash 2Ki 13:1-9,25
3. Josiah's third son, usually called Shallum 1Ch 3:15 He
succeeded his father on the throne, and reigned over Judah for three months 2Ki
23:31,34 He fell into the idolatrous ways of his predecessors 2Ki 23:32 was
deposed by Pharaoh-Necho from the throne, and carried away prisoner into Egypt,
where he died in captivity 2Ki 23:33,34 Jer 22:10-12 2Ch 36:1-4
Jehovah-given.
1. The son of King Ahaziah. While yet an infant, he was
saved from the general massacre of the family by his aunt Jehosheba, and was
apparently the only surviving descendant of Solomon 2Ch 21:4,17 His uncle, the
high priest Jehoiada, brought him forth to public notice when he was eight
years of age, and crowned and anointed him king of Judah with the usual
ceremonies. Athaliah was taken by surprise when she heard the shout of the
people, "Long live the king; "and when she appeared in the temple,
Jehoiada commanded her to be led forth to death 2Ki 11:13-20 While the high
priest lived, Jehoash favoured the worship of God and observed the law; but on
his death he fell away into evil courses, and the land was defiled with
idolatry. Zechariah, the son and successor of the high priest, was put to
death. These evil deeds brought down on the land the judgement of God, and it
was oppressed by the Syrian invaders. He is one of the three kings omitted by
Matthew Mt 1:8 in the genealogy of Christ, the other two being Ahaziah and
Amaziah. He was buried in the city of David 2Ki 12:21
2. The son and successor of Jehoahaz, king of Israel 2Ki
14:1 comp. 2Ki 12:1 13:10 When he ascended the throne the kingdom was suffering
from the invasion of the Syrians. Hazael "was cutting Israel short."
He tolerated the worship of the golden calves, yet seems to have manifested a
character of sincere devotion to the God of his fathers. He held the prophet
Elisha in honour, and wept by his bedside when he was dying, addressing him in
the words Elisha himself had used when Elijah was carried up into heaven:
"O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel and the horsemen
thereof." He was afterwards involved in war with Amaziah, the king of
Judah 2Ch 25:23-24 whom he utterly defeated at Beth-shemesh, on the borders of
Dan and Philistia, and advancing on Jerusalem, broke down a portion of the
wall, and carried away the treasures of the temple and the palace. He soon
after died (B.C. 825) and was buried in Samaria 2Ki 14:1-17,19,20 He was
succeeded by his son.
See JOASH
Jehovah-granted, Jeroboam II.
1. A Korhite, the head of one of the divisions of the
temple porters 1Ch 26:3
2. One of Jehoshaphat's "captains" 2Ch 17:15
3. The father of Azariah 2Ch 28:12
4. The son of Tobiah, an enemy of the Jews Ne 6:18
5. Ne 12:42
6. Ne 12:13
Succeeded his father Jehoiakin (B.C. 599) when only eight
years of age, and reigned for one hundred days 2Ch 36:9 He is also called Jeconiah
Jer 24:1 27:20 etc., and Coniah Jer 22:24 37:1 He was succeeded by his uncle,
Mattaniah Zedekiah (q.v.). He was the last direct heir to the Jewish crown. He
was carried captive to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar, along with the flower of the
nobility, all the leading men in Jerusalem, and a great body of the general
population, some thirteen thousand in all 2Ki 24:12-16 Jer 52:28 After an
imprisonment of thirty-seven years Jer 52:31,33 he was liberated by
Evil-merodach, and permitted to occupy a place in the king's household and sit
at his table, receiving "every day a portion until the day of his death,
all the days of his life" Jer 52:32-34
Jehovah-known.
1. The father of Benaiah, who was one of David's chief
warriors 2Sa 8:18 20:23
2. The high priest at the time of Athaliah's usurpation
of the throne of Judah. He married Jehosheba, or Jehoshabeath, the daughter of
king Jehoram 2Ch 22:11 and took an active part along with his wife in the
preservation and training of Jehoash when Athaliah slew all the royal family of
Judah. The plans he adopted in replacing Jehoash on the throne of his ancestors
are described in 2Ki 11:2 12:2 2Ch 22:11-24:2 He was among the foremost of the
benefactors of the kingdom, and at his death was buried in the city of David
among the kings of Judah 2Ch 24:15,16 He is said to have been one hundred and
thirty years old.
He whom Jehovah has set up, the second son of Josiah, and
eighteenth king of Judah, which he ruled over for eleven years (B.C. 610-599)
His original name was Eliakim (q.v.). On the death of his father his younger
brother Jehoahaz(=Shallum,)Jer 22:11 who favoured the Chaldeans against the
Egyptians, was made king by the people; but the king of Egypt, Pharaoh-necho,
invaded the land and deposed Jehoahaz 2Ki 23:33,34 Jer 22:10-12 setting Eliakim
on the throne in his stead, and changing his name to Jehoiakim. After this the
king of Egypt took no part in Jewish politics, having been defeated by the
Chaldeans at Carchemish 2Ki 24:7 Jer 46:2 Palestine was now invaded and
conquered by Nebuchadnezzar. Jehoiakim was taken prisoner and carried captive
to Babylon 2Ch 36:6,7 It was at this time that Daniel also and his three
companions were taken captive to Babylon Da 1:1,2 Nebuchadnezzar reinstated
Jehoiakim on his throne, but treated him as a vassal king. In the year after
this, Jeremiah caused his prophecies to be read by Baruch in the court of the
temple. Jehoiakim, hearing of this, had them also read in the royal palace
before himself. The words displeased him, and taking the roll from the hands of
Baruch he cut it in pieces and threw it into the fire Jer 36:23 During his disastrous
reign there was a return to the old idolatry and corruption of the days of
Manasseh. After three years of subjection to Babylon, Jehoiakim withheld his
tribute and threw off the yoke 2Ki 24:1 hoping to make himself independent.
Nebuchadnezzar sent bands of Chaldeans, Syrians, and Ammonites 2Ki 24:2 to
chastise his rebellious vassal. They cruelly harassed the whole country (comp.)
Jer 49:1-6 The king came to a violent death, and his body having been thrown
over the wall of Jerusalem, to convince the beseieging army that he was dead,
after having been dragged away, was buried beyond the gates of Jerusalem
"with the burial of an ass, " B.C. 599 Jer 22:18,19 36:30
Nebuchadnezzar placed his son Jehoiachin on the throne, wishing still to retain
the kingdom of Judah as tributary to him.
Jehovah defends, a priest at Jerusalem, head of one of
the sacerdotal courses 1Ch 9:10 24:7 His "course" went up from
Babylon after the Exile Ezr 2:36-39 Ne 7:39-42
Jehovah is liberal; or, whom Jehovah impels.
1. A son of Shimeah, and nephew of David. It was he who
gave the fatal wicked advice to Amnon, the heir to the throne 2Sa 13:3-6 He was
very "subtil, "but unprincipled.
2. A son of Rechab, the founder of a tribe who bound
themselves by a vow to abstain from wine Jer 35:6-19 There were different
settlements of Rechabites Jud 1:16 4:11 1Ch 2:55 His interview and alliance
with Jehu are mentioned in 2Ki 10:15-23 He went with Jehu in his chariot to
Samaria.
See RECHABITE
Whom Jehovah gave.
1. One of the stewards of David's store-houses 1Ch 27:25
2. A Levite who taught the law to the people of Judah 2Ch
17:8
3. Ne 12:18
Jehovah-exalted.
1. Son of Toi, king of Hamath, sent by his father to
congratulate David on the occasion of his victory over Hadadezer 2Sa 8:10
2. A Levite of the family of Gershom 1Ch 26:25
3. A priest sent by Jehoshaphat to instructruct the
people in Judah 2Ch 17:8
4. The son of Ahab and Jezebel, and successor to his
brother Ahaziah on the throne of Israel. He reigned twelve years, B.C. 896-894
2Ki 1:17 3:1 His first work was to reduce to subjection the Moabites, who had
asserted their independence in the reign of his brother. Jehoshaphat, king of
Judah, assisted Jehoram in this effort. He was further helped by his ally the
king of Edom. Elisha went forth with the confederated army 2Ki 3:1-19 and at
the solicitation of Jehoshaphat encouraged the army with the assurance from the
Lord of a speedy victory. The Moabites under Mesha their king were utterly
routed and their cities destroyed. At Kir-haraseth Mesha made a final stand.
The Israelites refrained from pressing their victory further, and returned to
their own land. Elisha afterwards again befriended Jehoram when a war broke out
between the Syrians and Israel, and in a remarkable way brought that war to a
bloodless close 2Ki 6:23 But Jehoram, becoming confident in his own power, sank
into idolatry, and brought upon himself and his land another Syrian invasion,
which led to great suffering and distress in Samaria 2Ki 6:24-33 By a
remarkable providential interposition the city was saved from utter
destruction, and the Syrians were put to flight 2Ki 7:6-15 Jehoram was wounded
in a battle with the Syrians at Ramah, and obliged to return to Jezreel 2Ki
8:29 2Ki 9:14,15 and soon after the army proclaimed their leader Jehu king of
Israel, and revolted from their allegiance to Jehoram 2Ki 9:1ff. Jehoram was
pierced by an arrow from Jehu's bow on the piece of ground at Jezreel which
Ahab had taken from Naboth, and there he died 2Ki 9:21-29
5. The eldest son and successor of Jehoshaphat, king of
Judah. He reigned eight years (B.C. 892-884) alone as king of Judah, having
been previously for some years associated with his father 2Ch 21:5,20 2Ki 8:16
His wife was Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. His daughter Jehosheba
was married to the high priest Jehoiada. He sank into gross idolatry, and
brought upon himself and his kingdom the anger of Jehovah. The Edomites
revolted from under his yoke, and the Philistines and the Arabians and Cushites
invaded the land, and carried away great spoil, along with Jehoram's wives and
all his children, except Ahaziah. He died a painful death from a fearful
malady, and was refused a place in the sepulchre of the kings 2Ki 8:16-24 2Ch
21:1-20
Jehovah-judged.
1. One of David's body-guard 1Ch 11:43
2. One of the priests who accompanied the removal of the
ark to Jerusalem 1Ch 15:24
3. Son of Ahilud, "recorder" or annalist under
David and Solomon 2Sa 8:16 a state officer of high rank, chancellor or vizier
of the kingdom.
4. Solomon's purveyor in Issachar 1Ki 4:17
5. The son and successor of Asa, king of Judah. After
fortifying his kingdom against Israel 2Ch 17:1,2 he set himself to cleanse the
land of idolatry 1Ki 22:43 In the third year of his reign he sent out priests
and Levites over the land to instruct the people in the law 2Ch 17:7-9 He
enjoyed a great measure of peace and prosperity, the blessing of God resting on
the people "in their basket and their store." The great mistake of
his reign was his entering into an alliance with Ahab, the king of Israel,
which involved him in much disgrace, and brought disaster on his kingdom 1Ki
22:1-33 Escaping from the bloody battle of Ramoth-gilead, the prophet Jehu 2Ch
19:1-3 reproached him for the course he had been pursuing, whereupon he entered
with rigour on his former course of opposition to all idolatry, and of
deepening interest in the worship of God and in the righteous government of the
people 2Ch 19:4-11 Again he entered into an alliance with Ahaziah, the king of
Israel, for the purpose of carrying on maritime commerce with Ophir. But the
fleet that was then equipped at Ezion-gaber was speedily wrecked. A new fleet
was fitted out without the co-operation of the king of Israel, and although it
was successful, the trade was not prosecuted 2Ch 20:35-37 1Ki 22:48-49 He
subsequently joined Jehoram, king of Israel, in a war against the Moabites, who
were under tribute to Israel. This war was successful. The Moabites were
subdued; but the dreadful act of Mesha in offering his own son a sacrifice on
the walls of Kir-haresheth in the sight of the armies of Israel filled him with
horror, and he withdrew and returned to his own land 2Ki 3:4-27 The last most
notable event of his reign was that recorded in 2Ch 20:1ff. The Moabites formed
a great and powerful confederacy with the surrounding nations, and came against
Jehoshaphat. The allied forces were encamped at Engedi. The king and his people
were filled with alarm, and betook themselves to God in prayer. The king prayed
in the court of the temple, "O our God, wilt thou not judge them? for we
have no might against this great company that cometh against us." Amid the
silence that followed, the voice of Jahaziel the Levite was heard announcing
that on the morrow all this great host would be overthrown. So it was, for they
quarrelled among themselves, and slew one another, leaving to the people of
Judah only to gather the rich spoils of the slain. This was recognized as a
great deliverance wrought for them by God (B.C. 890) Soon after this
Jehoshaphat died, after a reign of twenty-five years, being sixty years of age,
and was succeeded by his son Jehoram 1Ki 22:50 He had this testimony, that
"he sought the Lord with all his heart" 2Ch 22:9 The kingdom of Judah
was never more prosperous than under his reign.
6. The son of Nimshi, and father of Jehu, king of Israel
2Ki 9:2,14
Mentioned in Scripture only in Joe 3:2,12 This is the
name given in modern times to the valley between Jerusalem and the Mount of
Olives, and the Kidron flows through it. Here Jehoshaphat overthrew the
confederated enemies of Israel Ps 83:6-8 and in this valley also God was to
overthrow the Tyrians, Zidonians, etc.
Joe 3:4,19 with an utter overthrow. This has been fulfilled; but Joel
speaks of the final conflict, when God would destroy all Jerusalem's enemies,
of whom Tyre and Zidon, etc., were types. The "valley of Jehoshaphat"
may therefore be simply regarded as a general term for the theatre of God's
final judgments on the enemies of Israel. This valley has from ancient times
been used by the Jews as a burial-ground. It is all over paved with flat stones
as tombstones, bearing on them Hebrew inscriptions.