Gathering of God, a city in the extreme south of Judah,
near to Idumaea Jos 15:21 the birthplace of Benaiah, one of David's chief
warriors 2Sa 23:20 1Ch 11:22 It was called also Jekabzeel Ne 11:25 after the
Captivity.
Holy, or Kadesh-Barnea, sacred desert of wandering, a
place on the south-eastern border of Palestine, about 165 miles from Horeb. It
lay in the "wilderness" or "desert of Zin" Ge 14:7 Nu
13:3-26 Nu 14:29-33 20:1 27:14 on the border of Edom Nu 20:16 From this place,
in compliance with the desire of the people, Moses sent forth "twelve
spies" to spy the land. After examining it in all its districts, the spies
brought back an evil report, Joshua and Caleb alone giving a good report of the
land Nu 13:18-31 Influenced by the discouraging report, the people abandoned
all hope of entering into the Promised Land. They remained a considerable time
at Kadesh.
See HORMAH See KORAH
Because of their unbelief, they were condemned by God to
wander for thirty-eight years in the wilderness. They took their journey from
Kadesh into the deserts of Paran, "by way of the Red Sea" De 2:1 (One
theory is that during these thirty-eight years they remained in and about
Kadesh.) At the end of these years of wanderings, the tribes were a second time
gathered together at Kadesh. During their stay here at this time Miriam died
and was buried. Here the people murmured for want of water, as their
forefathers had done formerly at Rephidim; and Moses, irritated by their
chidings, "with his rod smote the rock twice, "instead of
"speaking to the rock before their eyes, "as the Lord had commanded
him (comp.) Nu 27:14 De 9:23 Ps 106:32,33 Because of this act of his, in which
Aaron too was involved, neither of them was to be permitted to set foot within
the Promised Land Nu 20:12,24 The king of Edom would not permit them to pass on
through his territory, and therefore they commenced an eastward march, and
"came unto Mount Hor" Nu 20:22 This place has been identified with
'Ain el-Kadeis, about 12 miles east-south-east of Beersheba.
See SPIES
The sacred city of the Hittites, on the left bank of the
Orontes, about 4 miles south of the Lake of Homs. It is identified with the
great mound Tell Neby Mendeh, some 50 to 100 feet high, and 400 yards long. On
the ruins of the temple of Karnak, in Egypt, has been found an inscription
recording the capture of this city by Rameses II.
See PHARAOH Here the sculptor "has chiselled in deep
work on the stone, with a bold execution of the several parts, the procession
of the warriors, the battle before Kadesh, the storming of the fortress, the
overthrow of the enemy, and the camp life of the Egyptians."
See HITTITES
Before God; i.e., his servant, one of the Levites who
returned with Zerubbabel from the Captivity Ne 9:4 10:9 12:8
Orientals, the name of a Canaanitish tribe which
inhabited the north-eastern part of Palestine in the time of Abraham Ge 15:19 Probably
they were identical with the "children of the east, "who inhabited
the country between Palestine and the Euphrates.
Reedy; brook of reeds.
1. A stream forming the boundary between Ephraim and
Manasseh, from the Mediterranean eastward to Tappuah Jos 16:8 It has been
identified with the sedgy streams that constitute the Wady Talaik, which enters
the sea between Joppa and Caesarea. Others identify it with the river' Aujeh.
2. A town in the north of Asher Jos 19:28 It has been
identified with 'Ain-Kana, a village on the brow of a valley some 7 miles
south-east of Tyre. About a mile north of this place are many colossal ruins
strown about. And in the side of a neighbouring ravine are figures of men,
women, and children cut in the face of the rock. These are supposed to be of
Phoenician origin.
Bald, the father of Johanan and Jonathan, who for a time
were loyal to Gedaliah, the Babylonian governor of Jerusalem Jer 40:8,13,15,16
A floor; bottom, a place between Adar and Azmon, about midway
between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea Jos 15:3
Foundation, a place in the open desert wastes on the east
of Jordan Jud 8:10 not far beyond Succoth and Penuel, to the south. Here Gideon
overtook and routed a fugitive band of Midianites under Zeba and Zalmunna, whom
he took captive.
City, a town in the tribe of Zebulun assigned to the
Levites of the family of Merari Jos 21:34 It is identical with Kattath Jos
19:15 and perhaps also with Kitron Jud 1:30
Double city, a town of Naphali, assigned to the
Gershonite Levites, and one of the cities of refuge Jos 21:32 It was probably
near the north-western shore of the Sea of Tiberias, identical with the ruined
village el-Katanah.
Jos 19:15 a town of Asher, has been identified with Kana
el Jelil.
See CANA
Dark-skinned, the second son of Ishmael Ge 25:13 It is
the name for the nomadic tribes of Arabs, the Bedouins generally Isa 21:16
42:11 Isa 60:7 Jer 2:10 Eze 27:21 who dwelt in the north-west of Arabia. They
lived in black hair-tents So 1:5 To "dwell in the tents of Kedar" was
to be cut off from the worship of the true God Ps 120:5 The Kedarites suffered
at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar Jer 49:28,29
Eastward, the last-named of the sons of Ishmael Ge 25:15
Beginnings; easternmost, a city of Reuben, assigned to
the Levites of the family of Merari Jos 13:18 It lay not far north-east of
Dibon-gad, east of the Dead Sea.
Sanctuary.
1. A place in the extreme south of Judah Jos 15:23
Probably the same as Kadesh-barnea (q.v.).
2. A city of Issachar 1Ch 6:72 Possibly Tell Abu Kadeis,
near Lejjun.
3. A "fenced city" of Naphtali, one of the
cities of refuge Jos 19:37 Jud 4:6 It was assigned to the Gershonite Levites
Jos 21:32 It was originally a Canaanite royal city Jos 12:22 and was the
residence of Barak Jud 4:6 and here he and Deborah assembled the tribes of
Zebulun and Naphtali before the commencement of the conflict with Sisera in the
plain of Esdraelon, "for Jehovah among the mighty" Jud 4:9,10 In the
reign of Pekah it was taken by Tiglath-Pileser 2Ki 15:29 It was situated near
the "plain" (rather "the oak") of Zaanaim, and has been
identified with the modern Kedes, on the hills fully four miles north-west of
Lake El Huleh. It has been supposed by some that the Kedesh of the narrative,
where Barak assembled his troops, was not the place in Upper Galilee so named,
which was 30 miles distant from the plain of Esdraelon, but Kedish, on the shore
of the Sea of Galilee, 12 miles from Tabor.
The valley, now quite narrow, between the Mount of Olives
and Mount Moriah. The upper part of it is called the Valley of Jehoshaphat. The
LXX., in 1Ki 15:13 translate "of the cedar." The word means
"black, " and may refer to the colour of the water or the gloom of
the ravine, or the black green of the cedars which grew there. Joh 18:1
"Cedron, "only here in New Testament.
See KIDRON
Assembly, one of the stations of the Israelites in the
desert Nu 33:22,23
Citadel, a city in the lowlands of Judah Jos 15:44 David
rescued it from the attack of the Philistines 1Sa 23:1-8 but the inhabitants
proving unfaithful to him, in that they sought to deliver him up to Saul 1Sa
23:13 he and his men "departed from Keilah, and went whithersoever they
could go." They fled to the hill Hareth, about 3 miles to the east, and
thence through Hebron to Ziph (q.v.). "And David was in the wilderness of
Ziph, in a wood" 1Sa 23:15 Here Jonathan sought him out, "and
strengthened his hand in God." This was the last interview between David
and Jonathan 1Sa 23:16-18 It is the modern Khurbet Kila. Others identify it
with Khuweilfeh, between Beit Jibrin (Eleutheropolis) and Beersheba, mentioned
in the Amarna tablets.
Dwarf, a Levite who assisted Ezra in expounding the law
to the people Ne 8:7 10:10
Helper of God, or assembly of God.
1. The third son of Nahor Ge 22:21
2. Son of Shiphtan, appointed on behalf of the tribe of
Ephraim to partition the land of Canaan Nu 34:24
3. A Levite 1Ch 27:17
Possession, a city of Gilead. It was captured by Nobah,
who called it by his own name Nu 32:42 It has been identified with Kunawat, on
the slopes of Jebel Hauran (Mount Bashan), 60 miles east from the south end of
the Sea of Galilee.
Hunter.
1. One of the sons of Eliphaz, the son of Esau. He became
the chief of an Edomitish tribe Ge 36:11,15,42
2. Caleb's younger brother, and father of Othniel Jos
15:17 whose family was of importance in Israel down to the time of David 1Ch
27:15 Some think that Othniel Jud 1:13 and not Kenaz, was Caleb's brother.
3. Caleb's grandson 1Ch 4:15
Smiths, the name of a tribe inhabiting the desert lying
between southern Palestine and the mountains of Sinai. Jethro was of this tribe
Jud 1:16 He is called a "Midianite" Nu 10:29 and hence it is
concluded that the Midianites and the Kenites were the same tribe. They were
wandering smiths, "the gipsies and travelling tinkers of the old Oriental
world. They formed an important guild in an age when the art of metallurgy was
confined to a few" (Sayce's Races, etc.). They showed kindness to Israel
in their journey through the wilderness. They accompanied them in their march
as far as Jericho Jud 1:16 and then returned to their old haunts among the
Amalekites, in the desert to the south of Judah. They sustained afterwards
friendly relations with the Israelites when settled in Canaan Jud 4:11,17-21
1Sa 27:10 30:29 The Rechabites belonged to this tribe 1Ch 2:55 and in the days
of Jeremiah Jer 35:7-10 are referred to as following their nomad habits. Saul
bade them depart from the Amalekites 1Sa 15:6 when, in obedience to the divine
commission, he was about to "smite Amalek." And his reason is,
"for ye showed kindness to all the children of Israel when they came up
out of Egypt." Thus "God is not unrighteous to forget the kindnesses
shown to his people; but they shall be remembered another day, at the farthest in
the great day, and recompensed in the resurrection of the just" (M.
Henry's Commentary). They are mentioned for the last time in Scripture in 1Sa
27:10 comp. 1Sa 30:20
1. The name of a tribe referred to in the covenant God
made with Abraham Ge 15:19 They are not mentioned among the original
inhabitants of Canaan Ex 3:8 Jos 3:10 and probably they inhabited some part of
Arabia, in the confines of Syria.
2. A designation given to Caleb (R.V.,)Nu 32:12 A.V.,
Kenezite.
Mentioned only Eze 13:18,21 as an article of apparel or
ornament applied to the head of the idolatrous women of Israel. The precise meaning
of the word is uncertain. It appears to have been a long loose shawl, such as
Oriental women wrap themselves in Ru 3:15 Isa 3:22 Some think that it was a
long veil or head-dress, denoting by its form the position of those who wore
it.
Horn of the face-paint cosmetic-box, the name of Job's
third daughter Job 42:14 born after prosperity had returned to him.
Cities.
1. A town in the south of Judah Jos 15:25 Judas the
traitor was probably a native of this place, and hence his name Iscariot. It
has been identified with the ruins of el-Kureitein, about 10 miles south of
Hebron. See HAZOR
2. A city of Moab Jer 48:24,41 Am 2:2
1. Ge 33:19 R.V., marg., a Hebrew word, rendered, A.V.,
pl. "pieces of money, "marg., "lambs; "
2. Jos 24:32
"pieces of silver; "
3. Job 42:11 "piece
of money"
The kesitah was probably a piece of money of a particular
weight, cast in the form of a lamb. The monuments of Egypt show that such
weights were used.
See PIECES
A large pot for cooking. The same Hebrew word (dud,
"boiling") is rendered also:
1. "pot" Ps 81:6
2. "caldron" 2Ch 35:13
3. "basket" Jer 24:2
It was used for preparing the peace-offerings 1Sa 2:13,14
Incense, the wife of Abraham, whom he married probably
after Sarah's death Ge 25:1-6 by whom he had six sons, whom he sent away into
the east country. Her nationality is unknown. She is styled "Abraham's
concubine" 1Ch 1:32 Through the offshoots of the Keturah line Abraham
became the "father of many nations."
Frequently mentioned in Scripture.
1. It is called in:
a. Hebrew _maphteah_, i.e., the opener Jud 3:25
b. The Greek New Testament _kleis_, from its use in
shutting Mt 16:19 Lu 11:52 Re 1:18 etc.
2. Figures of ancient Egyptian keys are frequently found
on the monuments, also of Assyrian locks and keys of wood, and of a large size
(comp.) Isa 22:22
3. The word is used figuratively of power or authority or
office Isa 22:22 Re 3:7 Re 1:8 comp. Re 9:1 20:1 comp. also Mt 16:19 18:18
4. The "key of knowledge" Lu 11:52 comp. Mt
23:13 is the means of attaining the knowledge regarding the kingdom of God.
5. The "power of the keys" is a phrase in
general use to denote the extent of ecclesiastical authority.
Cassia, the name of Job's second daughter Job 42:14 born
after prosperity had returned to him.
Abrupt; cut off, a city of the tribe of Benjamin Jos
18:21
The graves of the longing or of lust, one of the stations
of the Israelites in the wilderness. It was probably in the Wady Murrah, and
has been identified with the Erweis el-Ebeirig, where the remains of an ancient
encampment have been found, about 30 miles north-east of Sinai, and exactly a
day's journey from 'Ain Hudherah. "Here began the troubles of the journey.
First, complaints broke out among the people, probably at the heat, the toil,
and the privations of the march; and then God at once punished them by
lightning, which fell on the hinder part of the camp, and killed many persons,
but ceased at the intercession of Moses Nu 11:1,2 Then a disgust fell on the
multitude at having nothing to eat but the manna day after day, no change, no
flesh, no fish, no high-flavoured vegetables, no luscious fruits. The people
loathed the 'light food, 'and cried out to Moses, 'Give us flesh, give us
flesh, that we may eat.'"In this emergency Moses, in despair, cried unto God.
An answer came. God sent "a prodigious flight of quails, on which the
people satiated their gluttonous appetite for a full month. Then punishment
fell on them: they loathed the food which they had desired; it bred disease in
them; the divine anger aggravated the disease into a plague, and a heavy
mortality was the consequence. The dead were buried without the camp; and in
memory of man's sin and of the divine wrath this name, Kibroth-hattaavah, the
Graves of Lust, was given to the place of their sepulchre" Nu 11:34,35
33:16,17 De 9:22 comp. Ps 78:30,31 Rawlinson's Moses, p. 175 From this
encampment they journeyed in a north-eastern direction to Hazeroth.
Two heaps, a city of Ephraim, assigned to the Kohathite
Levites, and appointed as a city of refuge Jos 21:22 It is also called Jokmeam
1Ch 6:68
The young of the goat. It was much used for food Ge 27:9
38:17 Jud 6:19 14:6 The Mosaic law forbade to dress a kid in the milk of its
dam, a law which is thrice repeated Ex 23:19 34:26 De 14:21 Among the various
reasons assigned for this law, that appears to be the most satisfactory which
regards it as "a protest against cruelty and outraging the order of
nature." A kid cooked in its mother's milk is "a gross, unwholesome
dish, and calculated to kindle animal and ferocious passions, and on this
account Moses may have forbidden it. Besides, it is even yet associated with
immoderate feasting; and originally, I suspect, "says Dr. Thomson (Land
and the Book), "was connected with idolatrous sacrifices."
=Kedron Cedron, turbid, the winter torrent which flows
through the Valley of Jehoshaphat, on the eastern side of Jerusalem, between
the city and the Mount of Olives. This valley is known in Scripture only by the
name "the brook Kidron." David crossed this brook bare-foot and weeping,
when fleeing from Absalom 2Sa 15:23,30 and it was frequently crossed by our
Lord in his journeyings to and fro Joh 18:1 Here Asa burned the obscene idols
of his mother 1Ki 15:13 and here Athaliah was executed 2Ki 11:16 It afterwards
became the receptacle for all manner of impurities 2Ch 29:16 30:14 and in the
time of Josiah this valley was the common cemetery of the city 2Ki 23:6 comp.
Jer 26:23 Through this mountain ravine no water runs, except after heavy rains
in the mountains round about Jerusalem. Its length from its head to en-Rogel is
2 3/4 miles. Its precipitous, rocky
banks are filled with ancient tombs, especially the left bank opposite the
temple area. The greatest desire of the Jews is to be buried there, from the
idea that the Kidron is the "valley of Jehoshaphat" mentioned in Joe
3:2 Below en-Rogel the Kidron has no historical or sacred interest. It runs in
a winding course through the wilderness of Judea to the north-western shore of
the Dead Sea. Its whole length, in a straight line, is only some 20 miles, but
in this space its descent is about 3,912 feet. Recent excavations have brought
to light the fact that the old bed of the Kidron is about 40 feet lower than
its present bed, and about 70 feet nearer the sanctuary wall.
See KEDRON
An elegy, a city in the extreme south of Judah Jos 15:22
It was probably not far from the Dead Sea, in the Wady Fikreh.
(Heb. sing. parah, i.e., "fruitful"), mentioned
in Pharaoh's dream Ge 41:18 Here the word denotes "buffaloes, "which
fed on the reeds and sedge by the river's brink.
Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one
invested with authority, whether extensive or limited.
1. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan Jos 12:9,24 whom
Joshua subdued.
2. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings Jud 1:7
3. In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as
a king 1Pe 2:13,17
4. Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called
a king Mt 14:9 Mr 6:22
5. This title is applied to God 1Ti 1:17
6. And to Christ, the Son of God 1Ti 6:15,16 Mt 27:11
7. The people of God are also called "kings" Da
7:22,27 Mt 19:28 Re 1:6 etc.
8. Death is called the "king of terrors" Job
18:14
Jehovah was the sole King of the Jewish nation 1Sa 8:7
Isa 33:22 But there came a time in the history of that people when a king was
demanded, that they might be like other nations 1Sa 8:5 The prophet Samuel
remonstrated with them, but the people cried out, "Nay, but we will have a
king over us." The misconduct of Samuel's sons was the immediate cause of
this demand. The Hebrew kings did not rule in their own right, nor in name of
the people who had chosen them, but partly as servants and partly as
representatives of Jehovah, the true King of Israel 1Sa 10:1 The limits of the
king's power were prescribed 1Sa 10:25 The officers of his court were,
1. the recorder or remembrancer 2Sa 8:16 1Ki 4:3
2. the scribe 2Sa 8:17 20:25
3. the officer over the house, the chief steward Isa
22:15
4. the "king's friend, "a confidential
companion 1Ki 4:5
5. the keeper of the wardrobe 2Ki 22:14
6. captain of the bodyguard 2Sa 20:23
7. officers over the king's treasures, etc. 1Ch 27:25-31
8. commander-in-chief of the army 1Ch 27:34
9. the royal counsellor 1Ch 27:32 2Sa 16:20-23
1. "Kingdom of God" Mt 6:33 Mr 1:14,15 Lu 4:43
2. "Kingdom of Christ" Mt 13:41 20:21
3. "Kingdom of Christ and of God" Eph 5:5
4. "Kingdom of David" Mr 11:10
5. "The kingdom" Mt 8:12 13:19
6. "Kingdom of heaven" Mt 3:2 4:17 13:41
All denote the same thing under different aspects, viz.:
1. Christ's mediatorial authority, or his rule on the
earth;
2. the blessings and advantages of all kinds that flow
from this rule;
3. the subjects of this kingdom taken collectively, or
the Church.
One of the three special relations in which Christ stands
to his people. Christ's office as mediator comprehends three different functions,
viz., those of a prophet, priest, and king.
These are not three distinct offices, but three functions of the one
office of mediator. Christ is King and sovereign Head over his Church and over
all things to his Church Eph 1:22 4:15 Col 1:18 2:19 He executes this
mediatorial kingship in his Church, and over his Church, and over all things in
behalf of his Church. This royalty differs from that which essentially belongs
to him as God, for it is given to him by the Father as the reward of his obedience
and sufferings Php 2:6-11 and has as its especial object the upbuilding and the
glory of his redeemed Church. It attaches, moreover, not to his divine nature
as such, but to his person as God-man. Christ's mediatorial kingdom may be
regarded as comprehending,
1. his kingdom of power, or his providential government
of the universe;
2. his kingdom of grace, which is wholly spiritual in its
subjects and administration; and
3. his kingdom of glory, which is the consummation of all
his providential and gracious administration.
Christ sustained and exercised the function of
mediatorial King as well as of Prophet and Priest, from the time of the fall of
man, when he entered on his mediatorial work; yet it may be said that he was
publicly and formally enthroned when he ascended up on high and sat down at the
Father's right hand Ps 2:6 Jer 23:5 Isa 9:6 after his work of humiliation and
suffering on earth was "finished."
Mentioned only in Ge 14:17 2Sa 18:18 the name given to
"the valley of Shaveh, "where the king of Sodom met Abram.
1. The two books of Kings formed originally but one book
in the Hebrew Scriptures. The present division into two books was first made by
the LXX., which now, with the Vulgate, numbers them as the third and fourth
books of Kings, the two books of Samuel being the first and second books of
Kings.
2. They contain the annals of the Jewish commonwealth
from the accession of Solomon till the subjugation of the kingdom by
Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonians (apparently a period of about four hundred
and fifty-three years). The books of
Chronicles (q.v.) are more comprehensive in their contents than those of Kings.
The latter synchronize with 1Ch 28:1-2Ch 36:21 While in the Chronicles greater
prominence is given to the priestly or Levitical office, in the Kings greater
prominence is given to the kingly.
3. The authorship of these books is uncertain. There are some portions of them and of
Jeremiah that are almost identical, e.g., 2Ki 24:18-25:30 Jer 52:1-34 39:1-10
40:7-16 41:1-10 There are also many undesigned coincidences between Jeremiah
and Kings 2Ki 21:1-26 and Jer 7:15 15:4 19:3 etc., and events recorded in Kings
of which Jeremiah had personal knowledge. These facts countenance in some
degree the tradition that Jeremiah was the author of the books of Kings. But
the more probable supposition is that Ezra, after the Captivity, compiled them
from documents written perhaps by David, Solomon, Nathan, Gad, and Iddo, and
that he arranged them in the order in which they now exist.
4. In the threefold division of the Scriptures by the
Jews, these books are ranked among the "Prophets." They are
frequently quoted or alluded to by our Lord and his apostles Mt 6:29 12:42 Lu
4:25,26 10:4 comp. 2Ki 4:29 Mr 1:6 comp. 2Ki 1:8 Mt 3:4 etc..
5. The sources of the narrative are referred to
a. "the book of the acts of Solomon" 1Ki 11:41
b. the "book of the chronicles of the kings of
Judah" 1Ki 14:29 15:7,23 etc.;
c. the "book of the chronicles of the kings of
Israel" 1Ki 14:19 15:31 16:14,20,27 etc.
6. The date of its composition was some time between B.C.
561 the date of the last chapter 2Ki 25:1ff. when Jehoiachin was released from
captivity by Evil-merodach, and B.C. 538 the date of the decree of deliverance
by Cyrus.
Heb. goel, from root meaning to redeem. The goel among
the Hebrews was the nearest male blood relation alive. Certain important
obligations devolved upon him toward his next of kin.
1. If any one from poverty was unable to redeem his
inheritance, it was the duty of the kinsman to redeem it Le 25:25,28 Ru 3:9,12
He was also required to redeem his relation who had sold himself into slavery
Le 25:48,49 God is the Goel of his people because he redeems them Ex 6:6 Isa
43:1 41:14 44:6,22 48:20 Ps 103:4 Job 19:25 etc.
2. The goel also was the avenger (q.v.) of blood Nu 35:21
in the case of the murder of the next of kin.
A wall or fortress, a place to which Tiglath-pileser
carried the Syrians captive after he had taken the city of Damascus 2Ki 16:9 Am
1:5 9:7 Isaiah Isa 22:6 who also was contemporary with these events, mentions
it along with Elam. Some have supposed that Kir is a variant of Cush (Susiana),
on the south of Elam.
Built fortress, a city and fortress of Moab, the modern
Kerak, a small town on the brow of a steep hill about 6 miles from Rabbath-Moab
and 10 miles from the Dead Sea; called also Kir-haresh, Kir-hareseth, Kir-heres
Isa 16:7,11 Jer 48:31,36 After the death of Ahab, Mesha, king of Moab
See MOABITE STONE threw off allegiance to the king of
Israel, and fought successfully for the independence of his kingdom. After this
Jehoram, king of Israel, in seeking to regain his supremacy over Moab, entered
into an alliance with Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, and with the king of Edom.
The three kings led their armies against Mesha, who was driven back to seek
refuge in Kir-haraseth. The Moabites were driven to despair. Mesha then took
his eldest son, who would have reigned in his stead, and offered him as a
burnt-offering on the wall of the fortress in the sight of the allied armies.
"There was great indignation against Israel: and they departed from him, and
returned to their own land." The invaders evacuated the land of Moab, and
Mesha achieved the independence of his country 2Ki 3:20-27
City, a city belonging to Benjamin Jos 18:28 the modern
Kuriet el-'Enab, i.e., "city of grapes", about 7 1/2 miles
west-north-west of Jerusalem.
Two cities; a double city.
1. A city of refuge in Naphtali 1Ch 6:76
2. A town on the east of Jordan Ge 14:5 It was assigned
to the tribe of Reuben Nu 32:37 In the time of Ezekiel Eze 25:9 it was one of
the four cities which formed the "glory of Moab" (comp.) Jer 48:1,23
It has been identified with el-Kureiyat, 11 miles south-west of Medeba, on the
south slope of Jebel Attarus, the ancient Ataroth.
City of Arba, the original name of Hebron (q.v.), so called
from the name of its founder, one of the Anakim Ge 23:2 35:27 Jos 15:13 It was
given to Caleb by Joshua as his portion. The Jews interpret the name as meaning
"the city of the four", i.e., of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Adam, who
were all, as they allege, buried there.
City of streets, Nu 22:39 a Moabite city, which some
identify with Kirjathaim. Balak here received and entertained Balaam, whom he had
invited from Pethor, among the "mountains of the east, "beyond the
Euphrates, to lay his ban upon the Israelites, whose progress he had no hope
otherwise of arresting. It was probably from the summit of Attarus, the high
place near the city, that the soothsayer first saw the encampments of Israel.
City of jaars; i.e., of woods or forests, a Gibeonite
town Jos 9:17 on the border of Benjamin, to which tribe it was assigned Jos
18:15,28 The ark was brought to this place 1Sa 7:1,2 from Beth-shemesh and put
in charge of Abinadab, a Levite. Here it remained till it was removed by David
to Jerusalem 2Sa 6:2,3,12 1Ch 15:1-29 comp. Ps 132:1ff. It was also called
Baalah Jos 15:9 and Kirjath-baal Jos 15:60. It has been usually identified with
Kuriet el-'Enab (i.e., "city of grapes"), among the hills, about 8
miles north-east of 'Ain Shems (i.e., Beth-shemesh). The opinion, however, that
it is to be identified with 'Erma, 4 miles east of 'Ain Shems, on the edge of
the valley of Sorek, seems to be better supported.
See KIRJATH The words of Ps 132:6 "We found it in
the fields of the wood, " refer to the sojourn of the ark at
Kirjath-jearim. "Wood" is here the rendering of the Hebrew word
_jaar_, which is the singular of _jearim_.
City of the sannah; i.e., of the palm(?), Jos 15:49 the
same as Kirjath-sepher Jos 15:16 Jud 1:11 and Debir (q.v.), a Canaanitish royal
city included in Judah Jos 10:38 15:49 and probably the chief seat of learning
among the Hittites. It was about 12 miles to the south-west of Hebron.
City of books, Jos 15:15 same as Kirjath-sannah (q.v.),
now represented by the valley of ed-Dhaberiyeh, south-west of Hebron. The name
of this town is an evidence that the Canaanites were acquainted with writing
and books. "The town probably contained a noted school, or was the site of
an oracle and the residence of some learned priest." The "books"
were probably engraved stones or bricks.
Isa 15:1 The two strongholds of Moab were Ar and Kir,
which latter is probably the Kir-haraseth Isa 16:7 following.
A bow.
1. A Levite of the family of Merari 1Ch 23:21 24:29
2. A Benjamite of Jerusalem 1Ch 8:30 9:36
3. A Levite in the time of Hezekiah 2Ch 29:12
4. The great-grandfather of Mordecai Es 2:5
5. A Benjamite, the son of Abiel, and father of king Saul
1Sa 9:1,3 10:11,21 14:51 2Sa 21:14 All that is recorded of him is that he sent
his son Saul in search of his asses that had strayed, and that he was buried in
Zelah. Called Cis, Ac 13:21 (R.V., Kish).
Hardness, a city of Issachar assigned to the Gershonite Levites
Jos 19:20 the same as Kishon Jos 21:28
Winding, a winter torrent of Central Palestine, which
rises about the roots of Tabor and Gilboa, and passing in a northerly direction
through the plains of Esdraelon and Acre, falls into the Mediterranean at the
north-eastern corner of the bay of Acre, at the foot of Carmel. It is the drain
by which the waters of the plain of Esdraelon and of the mountains that
surround it find their way to the sea. It bears the modern name of Nahr
el-Mokattah, i.e., "the river of slaughter" (comp.) 1Ki 18:40 In the
triumphal song of Deborah Jud 5:21 it is spoken of as "that ancient river,
"either
1. because it had flowed on for ages, or
2. according to the Targum, because it was "the
torrent in which were shown signs and wonders to Israel of old; "or
3. probably the reference is to the exploits in that
region among the ancient Canaanites, for the adjoining plain of Esdraelon was
the great battle-field of Palestine. This was the scene of the defeat of Sisera
Jud 4:7,13 and of the destruction of the prophets of Baal by Elijah 1Ki 18:40
"When the Kishon was at its height, it would be, partly on account of its
quicksands, as impassable as the ocean itself to a retreating army."
See DEBORAH
1. Of affection Ge 27:26,27 29:13 Lu 7:38,45
2. reconciliation Ge 33:4 2Sa 14:33
3. leave-taking Ge 31:28,55 Ru 1:14 2Sa 19:39
4. homage Ps 2:12 1Sa 10:1
5. spoken of as between parents and children Ge 27:26
31:28,55 Ge 48:10 50:1 Ex 18:7 Ru 1:9,14
6. between male relatives Ge 29:13 33:4 45:15
7. It accompanied social worship as a symbol of brotherly
love Ro 16:16 1Co 16:20 2Co 13:12 1Th 5:26 1Pe 5:14
8. The worship of idols was by kissing the image or the
hand toward the image 1Ki 19:18 Ho 13:2
An unclean and keen-sighted bird of prey Le 11:14 De
14:13 The Hebrew word used, _'ayet_, is rendered "vulture" in Job
28:7 in Authorized Version, "falcon" in Revised Version. It is
probably the red kite (Milvus regalis), a bird of piercing sight and of soaring
habits found all over Palestine.
A man's wall, a town in the plain of Judah Jos 15:40 It
has been identified with Jelameh.
Knotty, a city of Zebulun Jud 1:30 called also Kattath
Jos 19:15 supposed to be "Cana of Galilee."
Ge 10:4
See CHITTIM
To prepare dough in the process of baking Ge 18:6 1Sa
28:24 Ho 7:4
The vessel in which the dough, after being mixed and
leavened, was left to swell or ferment Ex 8:3 12:34 "store" De 28:5,7 The dough in the vessels at the time
of the Exodus was still unleavened, because the people were compelled to
withdraw in haste.
1. Heb. hereb, "the waster, "
a. A sharp instrument for circumcision Jos 5:2,3 lit.
"knives of flint; "comp. Ex 4:25
b. A razor Eze 5:1
c. A graving tool Ex 20:25
d. An axe Eze 26:9
2. Heb. maakeleth, a large knife for slaughtering and
cutting up food Ge 22:6,10 Pr 30:14
3. Heb. sakkin, a knife for any purpose, a table knife Pr
23:2
4. Heb. mahalaph, a butcher's knife for slaughtering the
victims offered in sacrifice Ezr 1:9
5. Smaller knives (Heb. ta'ar,)Jer 36:23 were used for sharpening
pens. The pruning-knives mentioned in Isa 18:5 (Heb. mizmaroth) were probably
curved knives.
"Though Orientals are very jealous of their privacy,
they never knock when about to enter your room, but walk in without warning or
ceremony. Arabs give warning at the outer gate either by calling or knocking.
To stand and call is a very common and respectful mode.
1. Thus Moses commanded the holder of a pledge to stand
without and call to the owner to come forth De 24:10 This was to avoid the
violent intrusion of cruel creditors.
2. Peter stood knocking at the outer door Ac 12:13,16
3. The three men sent to Joppa by Cornelius made inquiry
and 'stood before the gate' Ac 10:17,18
The idea is that the guard over your privacy is to be
placed at the entrance." Knocking is used as a sign of importunity Mt
7:7,8 Lu 13:25 and of the coming of Christ Lu 12:36 Re 3:20
Some architectural ornament.
1. Heb. kaphtor Ex 25:31-36 occurring in the description
of the candlestick. It was an ornamental swell beneath the cups of the
candlestick, probably an imitation of the fruit of the almond.
2. Heb. peka'im, found only in 1Ki 6:18 7:24 an ornament
resembling a small gourd or an egg, on the cedar wainscot in the temple and on
the castings on the brim of the brazen sea.
He-camel, occurs only in Eze 23:23 some province or place
in the Babylonian empire, used in this passage along with Shoa (q.v.).
Assembly, the second son of Levi, and father of Amram Ge
46:11 He came down to Egypt with Jacob, and lived to the age of one hundred and
thirty-three years Ex 6:18
The descendants of Kohath. They formed the first of the
three divisions of the Levites Ex 6:16,18 Nu 3:17 In the journeyings of the
Israelites they had the charge of the most holy portion of the vessels of the
tabernacle, including the ark Nu 4:1ff. Their place in the marching and
encampment was south of the tabernacle Nu 3:29,31 Their numbers at different
times are specified Nu 3:28 4:36 26:57,62 Samuel was of this division.
Ice, hail.
1. The third son of Esau, by Aholibamah Ge 36:14 1Ch 1:35
2. A Levite, the son of Izhar, the brother of Amram, the
father of Moses and Aaron Ex 6:21 The institution of the Aaronic priesthood and
the Levitical service at Sinai was a great religious revolution. The old
priesthood of the heads of families passed away. This gave rise to murmurings
and discontent, while the Israelites were encamped at Kadesh for the first
time, which came to a head in a rebellion against Moses and Aaron, headed by
Korah, Dathan, and Abiram. Two hundred and fifty princes, "men of renown"
i.e., well-known men from among the other tribes, joined this conspiracy. The
whole company demanded of Moses and Aaron that the old state of things should
be restored, alleging that "they took too much upon them" Nu 16:1-3
On the morning after the outbreak, Korah and his associates presented
themselves at the door of the tabernacle, and "took every man his censer,
and put fire in them, and laid incense thereon." But immediately
"fire from the Lord" burst forth and destroyed them all Nu 16:35
Dathan and Abiram "came out and stood in the door of their tents, and
their wives, and their sons, and their little children, "and it came to
pass "that the ground clave asunder that was under them; and the earth
opened her mouth and swallowed them up." A plague thereafter began among
the people who sympathized in the rebellion, and was only stayed by Aaron's
appearing between the living and the dead, and making "an atonement for
the people" Nu 16:47 The descendants of the sons of Korah who did not
participate in the rebellion afterwards rose to eminence in the Levitical
service.
That portion of the Kohathites that descended from Korah.
1. They were an important branch of the singers of the
Kohathite division 2Ch 20:19 There are eleven psalms (42-49, 84, 85, 87, 88)
dedicated to the sons of Korah.
2. Some of the sons of Korah also were
"porters" of the temple 1Ch 9:17-19 one of them was over "things
that were made in the pans" 1Ch 9:31 i.e., the baking in pans for the
meat-offering Le 2:5
Partridge.
1. A Levite and temple-warder of the Korahites, the son
of Asaph. He was father of Shallum and Meshelemiah, temple-porters 1Ch 9:19
26:1
2. A Levitical porter at the east gate of the temple 2Ch
31:14
3. In 1Ch 26:19 the word should be "Korahites,
"as in the Revised Version.
A Levitical family descended from Korah Ex 6:24 1Ch 12:6
26:1 2Ch 20:19
Thorn.
1. A descendant of Judah. 1Ch 4:8 "Coz; "R.V.,
"Hakkoz."
2. A priest, the head of the seventh division of the priests
Ezr 2:61 Ne 3:4,21 7:63 In 1Ch 24:10 the word has the article prefixed, and it
is taken as a part of the word "Hakkoz."